Un modello di apprendimento ambientale intergenerazionale esteso alla terza età
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/15669Parole chiave:
adulti anziani, relazione ambientale, apprendimento ambientale, modello di apprendimento, cambiamento comportamentaleAbstract
La minaccia esistenziale del cambiamento climatico può unire le generazioni viventi attraverso l’apprendimento permanente per una risposta coesa. Le persone in età avanzata devono comprendere gli impatti ambientali su sé stesse e sulle generazioni future. Un modello utile di apprendimento ambientale deve funzionare bene per ogni generazione. Questo documento politico ha due obiettivi, basati sull’utilità di combinare la teoria della Nature Relatedness e la teoria Nudge per un modello di apprendimento ambientale. In primo luogo, esaminare se la teoria della Nature Relatedness, che misura il rapporto dell’individuo con la natura, è appropriata. Essa categorizza il rapporto in quattro categorie: passivo, consapevole, reattivo e attivo, sulla base di caratteristiche osservabili di ricerca di conoscenza, atteggiamenti favorevoli, comportamento personale e azione sociale. In secondo luogo, si vuole indagare se l’apprendimento basato sulla teoria Nudge può far progredire il rapporto con la natura e portare a un cambiamento comportamentale. Questo modello fornisce un quadro utile per progettare l’apprendimento ambientale da parte di tutte le generazioni.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Ballew M., Marlon J., Rosenthal S., Gustafson A., Kotcher J., Malbach E. and Leiserowitz A. (2019). Do younger generations care more about global warming? Climate Note, Climate and Change Communication (on-line), June 11, 2019. New Haven, CT: Yale University. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/do-younger-generations-care-more-about-global-warming/ (Accessed 6 September 2023)
Berman M. G., Kross E., Krpan K. M., Askren M. K., Burson A., Deldin P. J., Kaplan S., Sherdell, L., Gotlib I. H.and Jonides, J. (2012). Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depres-sion. Journal of Affective Disorders, 140, 300–305. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.012
Bratman, G. N., Daily G. C., Levy B. J. and Gross J. J. (2015). The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition. Landscape Urban Planning, 138, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.005
Cherniack E.P. (2008) The impact of natural disasters on the elderly. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 3(3):133-139. htpps://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2008.0018
Connell, L. and Keane, M.T. (2006). A model of plausibility. Cognitive Science, 30(1), 95-120 htpps://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_53.
Cornell University. (2008). Survey Research Institute Codebook. Cornell National Social Survey. Ithaca, NY: Cor-nell University.
Crouse D. L., Pinault L., Balram A., Hystad P., Peters P. A., Chen H., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R.V., Ménard, R., Robichaud, A. and Villeneuve P. J. (2017). Urban greenness and mortality in Canada's largest cities: a national cohort study. Lancet Planetary Health, 1(7), e289–e297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30118-3.
Curl A., Thompson, C.W., Alves, S. and Aspinall, P. (2016). Outdoor environmental supportiveness and older people’s quality of life: A personal projects approach. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 30(1), 1- 17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763893.2015.1087925
Duffin, M., Murphy, M., and Johnson, B. (2008). Quantifying a relationship between place-based learning and environmental quality. Final Report. Woodstock, VT: NPS Conservation Study Institute in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency and Shelburne Farms. https://promiseofplace.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/PBL-EQFinalResearchReport2008.pdf. (Accessed 6 September 2023).
Eaton A.A., Visser P.S., Krosnick J.A., Anand S. (2009). Social power and attitude strength over the life course. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(2), 1646–1660 htpps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209349114
Edmond, C. (2020). Global risks report 2020: These are the top risks facing the world in 2020. World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/top-global-risks-report-cli-mate-change-cyberattacks-economic-political/ (Accessed 6 September 2023).
Erikson E.H. (1994). Identity and the Life Cycle. W. W. Norton Company.
Frumkin, H., Fried L., and Moody. R. (2012). Aging, climate change and legacy thinking. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), 1434-1438. htpps://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300663
Haq, G., Whitelegg, J. and Kohler, M. (2008). Growing old in a changing climate: Meeting the challenges of an ageing population and climate change. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. htpps://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4700.4002
Hunter, M.C., Gillespie, B.W., and Chen, S. Y-P. (2019) Urban nature experiences reduce stress in the context of daily life based on salivary biomarkers. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 722. htpps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00722
Jiang B., Li D., Larsen L. and Sullivan W. C. (2016). A dose-response curve describing the relationship between urban tree cover density and self-reported stress recovery. Environmental Behaviour, 48(4) 607–629. htpps://doi.org/10.1177/0013916514552321
Kardan O., Gozdyra P., Misic B., Moola F., Palmer L. J., Paus T. and Berman M. G. (2015). Neighborhood green-space and health in a large urban center. Scientific Reports 5(1) 11610. htpps://doi.org/10.1038/srep11610.
Kerr, D. C. R., Zava, D. T., Piper, W. T., Saturn, S. R., Frei, B., and Gombart, A. F. (2015). Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry research, 227(1), 46–51. htpps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.016.
Manski, C.F. (2013) Identification of treatment response with social interactions. Econometrics Journal, 16 S1-S23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-423X.2012.00368.
McBride, B.B., Brewer, C.A., Berkowitz, A.R. and Borrie, W.T. (2013). Environmental literacy, Ecological literacy, Ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4(5) 1-10. htpps://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1
McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2015). The effect of contact with natural environments on positive and negative affect: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology,10(6), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.994224
McMahon, T. (2014). Seniors and the generation spending gap: Why are we doing so much to try to help seniors when they are already the wealthiest generation in history. Macleans. September 4, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.macleans.ca/society/life/seniors-and-the-generation-spending-gap/ (Accessed 6 September 2023).
Metcalfe, Z. (2019). Prescribing nature. Nature Conservancy Magazine, Fall 2019. Retrieved from https://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/who-we-are/publications/magazine/fall-2019/prescribing-nature.html (Accessed 6 September 2023).
Moody H.R. (2009). Eco-elders: legacy and environmental advocacy. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 33(4), 70–74.
Nisbet, E.K., Zelenski, J.M., and Murphy, S.A. (2009). The Nature Relatedness Scale: Linking individuals’ connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41, 715-740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508318748
Pillemar, K., Wells, N.M., Meador, R. H., Schultz, L., Henderson, C.R. and Cope, M.T. (2017). Engaging older adults in environmental volunteerism: The retirees in service to the environmental program. The Gerontolo-gist, 57(2), 367-375. htpps://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv693
Potter, G. (2009). Environmental education for the 21st century: Where do we go now? Journal of Environmental Education, 41(1), 22-23. htpps://doi.org/10.1080/00958960903209975
Ranney M.A. and Clark D. (2016). Climate change conceptual change: Scientific information can transform attitudes. Topics in Cognitive Science, 8(1), 49-75. htpps://doi.org/ 10.1111/tops.12187
Scott, A. J. (2021). The longevity society. The Lancet Health Policy, Healthy Longevity, 2(12), 820-827. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00247-6.
Shanahan D. F., Bush R., Gaston K. J., Lin B. B., Dean J., Barber E. and Richard A.F. (2016). Health benefits from nature experiences depend on dose. Scientific Reports. 6(1):28551. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28551
Takano T., Nakamura K. and Watanabe M. (2002). Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 56(12), 913–918. htpps://doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.12.913
Thaler, R.H. and Sunstein, C.R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. Yale University Press.
Wimberley, E.T. (2009). Nested Ecology: The place of humans in the ecological hierarchy. John Hopkins University Press.
Wu, Y.T., Prina, A.M., Jones, A., Matthews, F.E., Brayne, C., (2015). Older people, the natural environment and common mental disorders: cross-sectional results from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. BMJ open 5(9) e007936. htpps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007936
UNESCO and UNEP (1977) Tbilisi Declaration. Chapter 3, P.24. Final report. Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education. Tbilisi, 1977. https://www.gdrc.org/uem/ee/Tbilisi-Declaration.pdf. (Ac-cessed 6 September 2023).
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World Population Age-ing 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/430). New York, NY: United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Highlights.pdf (Accessed 6 September 2023).
US Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). What is environmental Education? Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/education/what-environmental-education (Accessed 6 September 2023).
Zelenski, J.M., & Nisbet, E.K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: The distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and Behavior, 46(1), 3-23. htpps://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451901.
Zheng, H., Long, Y., Wood, R., Moran, D., Zhang, Z., Meng, J. …Guan, D. (2022). Ageing society in developed countries challenges carbon mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 12(3), 242-248. htpps://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01302-y
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2023 Satya Brink
Questo articolo è soggetto a licenza Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.