Phrasal Verbs through DDL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/3217Keywords:
CALL, Data-Driven Learning, English language teaching, Linguistics, Teaching methodologyAbstract
Two techniques are examined for teaching 10 Phrasal Verbs (PVs) to two groups of university students: dictionary presentation and concordance-based Data-Driven Learning (DDL). After checking their prior knowledge, 5 PVs were introduced via DDL, 5 via dictionary entries. The two techniques were compared, as well as the two groups of students, towards an assessment of DDL as a motivating and effective teaching aid. The results show that DDL can be a productive way to teach new lexical items and to consolidate old ones. The difference was statistically significant for the group which was smaller in size, more mature and working with corpus samples on screen rather than on paper. DDL, independently of classroom attendance, was a positive aid, whereas dictionary presentation was detrimental for some of the verbs involved.
References
Aston G. (1997) "Enriching the learning environment: Corpora in ELT". In Wi-chmann A., Fligelstone S., McEnery T. & Knowles G. (eds), Teaching and Lan-guage Corpora, London: Longman. 51-64.
Aston G. (ed.), (2001a) Learning with Corpora, Houston: Athelstan.
Aston G. (2001b) "Learning with corpora: An overview". In Aston G. (ed), Lear-ning with Corpora, Houston: Athelstan. 7-45.
Azzaro G. (1991) The Syntax and Acquisition of English Phrasal Verbs, Chieti: Solfanelli.
Azzaro G. (1992a) "Semantic syntax: English Phrasal Verbs", Textus, 5 (1), 83-110.
Azzaro G. (1992b) "The syntactic learning of English Phrasal Verbs: theory", Ras-segna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata (RILA), 24 (1), 33-60.
Barthes R. (1967) "The Death of the Author", Aspen Magazine, 5/6 (http://www.ubu.com/aspen/aspen5and6/threeEssays.html#barthes, last acces-sed on 02/09/2011) retrieved from http://www.ubu.com/aspen/ a-spen5and6/threeEssays.html# barthes.
Beck J.H. (2007) "Corpus linguistics and the ESL classroom", The ORTESOL Journal, 25, 1-8.
Bernardini S. (2000) "Systematising serendipity: proposals for concordaning large corpora with language learners". In Burnard L. & McEnery T. (eds), Rethinking language pedagogy from a corpus perspective: Papers from the third international conference on teaching and language corpora, Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 225-234.
Bernardini S. (2001) "‘Spoilt for choice.’ A learner explores general language cor-pora". In Aston G. (ed), Learning with corpora, Houston: Athelstan. 220-249.
Bernardini S. (2004) "Corpora in the classroom: An overview and some reflections on future developments". In Sinclair J.M. (ed), How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 15-38.
Biber D., Conrad S. & Leech G. (2002) Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
Biber D., Johansson S., Leech G., Conrad S. & Finegan E. (1999) Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, London: Pearson.
Bolinger D. (1971) The Phrasal Verb in English, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University press.
Boulton A. (2008) "Looking for empirical evidence of data-driven learning at lo-wer levels". In Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk B. (ed), Corpus Linguistics. Computer Tools, and Applications. State of the Art, Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 581-598.
Boulton A. (2009) "Testing the limits of data-driven learning: language proficiency and training", ReCALL, 21 (1), 37-51
Boulton A. (2010) "Data-driven learning: Taking the computer out of the equa-tion", Language Learning, 60 (3), 534-572.
Braun S. (2007) "Integrating corpus work into secondary education: From data-driven learning to needs-driven corpora", ReCALL, 19 (3), 307-328.
Braun S., Kohn K. & Mukherjee J. (eds.), (2006) Corpus Technology and Langua-ge Pedagogy: New Resources, New Tools, New Methods, Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Breyer Y. (2006) "My Concordancer: Tailor-made software for language learners and teachers". In Braun S., Kohn K. & Mukherjee J. (eds), Corpus Technology and Language Pedagogy: New Resources, New Tools, New Methods, Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Brunner A. & Steyer K. (2007). Corpus-Driven Study of Multi-Word Expressions Based on Collocations 4th Corpus Linguistics conference. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
Burnard L. & McEnery T. (eds.), (2000) Rethinking language pedagogy from a corpus perspective: Papers from the third international conference on teaching and language corpora, Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Celce-Murcia M. & Larsen-Freeman D. (1999) The Grammar Book, Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Chambers A. (2007) "Popularising corpus consultation by language learners and teachers". In Hidalgo E., Quereda L. & Santana J. (eds), Corpora in the Foreign Language Classroom. Selected papers from TaLC 2004, Amsterdam: Rodopi. 3–16.
Cheng W. & Warren M. (2007) "Checking understandings: Comparing textbooks and a corpus of spoken English in Hong Kong", Language Awareness, 16 (3), 190-207.
Cobb T. (1997) "Is there any measurable learning from hands-on concordan-cing?", System, 25 (3), 301-315.
Cock S.D. (2006) "Learners and phrasal verbs", MED Magazine, 35 (1), 1-6 retrie-ved from http://www.macmillandictionaries.com/med-magazine/ Fe-bruary2006/35-Phrasal-Verbs-Learners.htm#4
Dagut M. & Laufer B. (1985) "Avoidance of phrasal verbs: A case for contrastive analysis", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7 (1), 73-79.
Darwin C.M. & Gray L.S. (1999) "Going after the Phrasal Verb: An Alternative Approach to Classification", TESOL Quarterly, 33 (1), 65-83.
DeKeyser R. (1998) "Beyond Focus on Form: Cognitive perspectives on learning and practicing second language grammar ". In Doughty C. & Williams J. (eds), Fo-cus on Form in Classroom Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge: Cambdridge University Press. 114-138.
Dempsey K.B., McCarthy P.M. & McNamara D.S. (2007) "Using Phrasal Verbs as an index to distinguish text genres". FLAIRS Conference 2007: http://www.aaai.org/Papers/FLAIRS/ 2007/Flairs07-044.pdf, last accessed 02/09/2011. 217-222.
Doughty C. & Varela E. (1998) "Communicative Focus on Form". In Doughty C. & Williams J. (eds), Focus on Form in Classroom Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge: Cambdridge University Press. 114-138.
Ellis R. (2005) "Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language. A psychometric study", Studies in second language acquisition, 27 (2), 141 -172.
Ellis R. (2006) "Current issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective", TESOL Quarterly, 40 (1), 83-107.
Frankenberg-Garcia A. (2005) "Pedagogical uses of monolingual and parallel con-cordances", ELT Journal, 59 (3), 189-198.
Gardner D. & Davies M. (2007) "Pointing Out Frequent Phrasal Verbs: A Cor-pus-Based Analysis", TESOL Quarterly, 41 (2), 339-359.
Gaskell D. & Cobb T. (2004) "Can learners use concordance feedback for writing errors?", System, 32 (3), 301-319.
Gavioli L. (1997) "Exploring texts through the concordancer: Guiding the lear-ner". In Wichmann A., Fligelstone S., McEnery T. & Knowles G. (eds), Teaching and Language Corpora, London: Longman. 83-99.
Gavioli L. (2001) "The learner as researcher: introducing corpus concordancing in the classroom". In Aston G. (ed), Learning with Corpora, Houston: Athelstan. 108-137.
Gavioli L. (2005) Exploring Corpora for ESP Learning, Amsterdam: John Benja-mins.
Ghadessy M., Henry A. & Roseberry R. (eds.), (2001) Small Corpus Studies and ELT: Theory and Practice, Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Gilkerson J.S. (2007) "Acquiring English particle verbs: Age and transfer effects in second language acquisition", Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Huma-nities and Social Sciences, 68 (02).
Granger S., Hung J. & Petch-Tyson S. (eds.), (2002) Computer Learner Corpora, Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching, Amsterdam: Ben-jamins.
Hanks P. (2004) "The Syntagmatics of Metaphor and Idiom", International Journal of Lexicography, 17 (3), 245-74.
Hoey M. (2005) Lexical Priming. A New Theory of Words and Language, Lon-don: Routledge.
Johns T. (1986) "Micro-Concord: A language learner's research tool", System, 14 (2), 151-162.
Johns T. (1991a) "From Printout to Handout: Grammar and Vocabulary Teaching in the Context of Data-Driven Learning", ELR Journal, 4, 27-45.
Johns T. (1991b) "Should You Be Persuaded - Two Samples of Data-Driven Le-arning Materials", ELR Journal, 4, 1-16.
Johns T. (1994) "From printout to handout: Grammar and vocabulary teaching in the context of Data-Driven Learning". In Odlin T. (ed), Perspectives on Pedago-gical Grammar, Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP. x, 340 pp.
Krashen S.D. (1993) "The effects of formal grammar teaching. Still peripheral", TESOL Quarterly, 27, 717-25.
Landure C. & Boulton A. (2010) "Corpus et autocorrection pour l'apprentissage des langues", ASp: La Revue Du GERAS, 57, 11-30.
Laufer B. & Eliasson S. (1993) "What Causes Avoidance in L2 Learning: L1-L2 Difference, L1-L2 Similarity, or L2 Complexity?", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15 (1), 35-48.
Liao Y. & Fukuya Y.J. (2004) "Avoidance of Phrasal Verbs: The Case of Chinese Learners of English", Language Learning, 54 (2), 193-216.
Long M. (1991) "Focus on Form: A design feature in language teaching methodo-logy". In DeBot K., Ginsberg R. & Kramsh C. (eds), Foreign Language Research in Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 39-52.
Long M. (1996) "The role of the linguistic environment in second language acqui-sition". In Ritchie W.C. & Bhatia T.K. (eds), Handbook of Language Acquisition: Second Language Acquisition, Vol. 2, New York: Academic Press. 413-468.
Mukherjee J. (2006) "Corpus linguistics and language pedagogy: The state of the art — and beyond". In Braun S., Kohn K. & Mukherjee J. (eds), Corpus Techno-logy and Language Pedagogy: New Resources, New Tools, New Methods, Fran-kfurt: Peter Lang. 5-24.
Norris J.M. & Ortega L. (2000) "Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis", Language Learning, 50, 417-528.
O’Sullivan I. (2007) "Enhancing a process-oriented approach to literacy and lan-guage learning: The role of corpus consultation literacy", ReCALL, 19 (3), 269-286.
Palmer F. (1988) The English Verb, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Group.
Porto Requejo M.D. & Pena Diaz C. (2008) "A Cognitive Approach to Some Phrasal Verbs in English for Specific Purposes", Iberica, 16 (1), 109-128.
Schwartz B. (1993) "On explicit and negative data effecting and affecting compe-tence and linguistic behavior", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15 (2), 147-63.
Sinclair J.M. (1991) Corpus, Concordance, Collocation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sinclair J.M. (ed.), (2004a) How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, Amster-dam: John Benjamins.
Sinclair J.M. (2004b) "New evidence, new priorities, new attitudes". In Sinclair J. (ed), How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 271-299.
Siyanova A. & Schmitt N. (2007) "Native and nonnative use of multi-word vs. one-word verbs", IRAL, 45 (2), 119-139.
Stevens V. (1991) "Concordance-based vocabulary exercises: a viable alternative to gapfilling". In Johns T. & King P. (eds), Classroom Concordancing. (English Lan-guage Research Journal). 47-61.
Tribble C. & Jones G. (1989) Concordances in the Classroom: A Resource Book for Teachers, London: Longman.
Tribble C. & Jones G. (1997) Concordances in the Classroom, Houston/Texas: Athelstan.
Wichmann A., Fligelstone S., McEnery T. & Knowles G. (eds.), (1997) Teaching and Language Corpora, London: Longman.
Widdowson H.G. (2003) Defining issues in English language teaching, Oxford: OUP.
Wray A. & Perkins M.R. (2000) "The functions of formulaic language: an integra-ted model", Language and Communication, 20 (1), 1-28.
Zanettin F. (2009) "Corpus-based translation activities for language learners", The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 3 (2), 209-224
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Gabriele Azzaro
Copyrights and publishing rights of all the texts on this journal belong to the respective authors without restrictions.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (full legal code).
See also our Open Access Policy.
