Elementary school student digital literacy framework: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

Authors

  • Ari Wijayanti Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Siti Irene Astuti Dwiningrum Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Bambang Saptono Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Mohammad Archi Maulyda Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/19986

Keywords:

digital literacy, digital literacy framework, students' digital literacy, elementary school, Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Abstract

This research aims to produce a digital literacy framework for elementary school students. This framework refers to Indonesia’s Digital Literacy Roadmap 2020-2024. A total of 28 indicators were adopted as a digital literacy framework for elementary school students. Furthermore, a confirmation factor analysis (CFA) was using 209 respondents of elementary school students. Based on the results of the initial CFA, the structure of the factors formed is fit. However, to obtain the structure of these factors, researchers must delete many items, thus giving rise to the assumption that there needs to be clarity in the structure of the factors formed. The researcher conducted an Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) test to obtain a new factor structure. After that, a second CFA test was carried out. Based on the results of the final CFA, 19 items were found whose factor structure was fit and became the framework for elementary school digital literacy.

References

Ameliah, R., Hegara, R. A., Rahmawati, I., & tim lainnya. (2021). Status literasi digital di Indonesia: Ringkasan ek-sekutif. Indeks Literasi Digital Indonesia. https://katadata.co.id/StatusLiterasiDigital

Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. (2020). Digital transformation challenges: strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. TQM Journal, 32(4), 697–724. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309

Deloitte. (2021). Road map Literasi Digital 2020-2024 Kemeterian Komuniasi dan Informatika. Siber Kreasi Deloitte - KOMINFO.

Feerrar, J. (2019). Development of a framework for digital literacy. Reference Services Review, 47(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-01-2019-0002

Fraser, J., & Reedy, K. (2018). Digital literacy and open educational practice: DigiLit Leicester. Digital Literacy Unpacked, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.29085/9781783301997.013

Hariharasudan, A., & Kot, S. (2018). A scoping review on Digital English and Education 4.0 for Industry 4.0. Social Sciences, 7(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110227

Huda, C., Dirgatama, A., Permansah, S., & Rusmana, D. (2024). Understanding smart village concepts: Digital literacy and mobile technology. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 18(3), 1015–1028. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i3.21293

Katz, I. R. (2007). Testing information literacy in digital environments: ETS’s iSkills assessment. Information Technology and Libraries, 26(3), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v26i3.3271

Kemendikbudristek. (2021). Modul Literasi Digital Di Sekolah Dasar. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi, 1–22.

Kominfo. (2022). Status Literasi Digital di Indonesia 2022. Kominfo, November, 205–207. https://www.c2es.org/content/renewable-energy/

López-Meneses, E., Sirignano, F. M., Vázquez-Cano, E., & Ramírez-Hurtado, J. M. (2020). University students’ digital competence in three areas of the DigCom 2.1 model: A comparative study at three European universities. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.5583

Martin, A. (2006). A European framework for digital literacy. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 1(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-943x-2006-02-06

NCCA. (2007). ICT framework and assessment: A structured approach to ICT in curriculum and assessment. National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA), November, 1–33.

Nogueira, V. B., Teixeira, D. G., de Lima, I. A. C. N., Moreira, M. V. C., de Oliveira, B. S. C., Pedrosa, I. M. B., de Queiroz, J. W., & Jeronimo, S. M. B. (2022). Towards an inclusive digital literacy: An experimental intervention study in a rural area of Brazil. Education and Information Technologies, 27(2), 2807–2834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10711-z

Reddy, P., Chaudhary, K., & Hussein, S. (2022). A digital literacy model to narrow the digital literacy skills gap. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4308566

Stefkova, G., Michalkova, J., Dimunova, L., & Halasz, B. G. (2024). Visualization of students’ cognitive knowledge in digital concept mapping. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 13(1), 240. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i1.26349

Theodoridis, T., & Kraemer, J. (2019). ISTE Standards. iste.org/standards

Tiven, M. B., Fuchs, E. R., Bazari, A., & MacQuarrie, A. (2018). Evaluating global digital education: Student outcomes framework. Global Cities Inc., 1–116. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Evaluating-Global-Digital-Education-Student-Outcomes-Framework.pdf

Tomczyk, Ł. (2020). Skills in the area of digital safety as a key component of digital literacy among teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 25(1), 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09980-6

Tomczyk, Ł., & Potyrała, K. (2021). Parents’ knowledge and skills about the risks of the digital world. South African Journal of Education, 41(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41n1a1833

Tsvetkova, M. S., Bondarenko, E. A., Khlobystova, I. Y., & Yakushina, E. V. (2022). Digital literacy in primary school. Olympiads in Informatics, 16, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.15388/ioi.2022.13

van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills for workers: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176

Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2. The digital competence framework for citizens. With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. In: Publications Office of the European Union (Issue KJ-NA-31006-EN-N (online),KJ-NA-31006-EN-C (print)). https://doi.org/10.2760/115376

Zuhri, R. S., Wilujeng, I., Haryanto, H., & Ibda, H. (2024). Information communication technologies education in elementary school : A systematic literature review. 18(3), 1078–1090. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i3.21435

Zulkarnain, I., Sitepu, Y. S., Sutatminingsih, R., & Rajagukguk, M. (2024). Students’ digital literacy competence and its implications for the learning process. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 13(2). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.25767

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Wijayanti, A., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Saptono, B., & Maulyda, M. A. (2025). Elementary school student digital literacy framework: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) . Ricerche Di Pedagogia E Didattica. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, 20(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/19986

Issue

Section

Articles