Faculty retention in higher education institutions of Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/3213Keywords:
Higher education institutions, faculty retention, pay satisfaction, opportunities of learning and growthAbstract
In higher education institutions, which are considered as the hub of knowledge, the retention of knowledge-workers commonly called as faculty members has become a crucial issue. Based on the previous evidences this paper aims to investigate the impact of “pay satisfaction” and the “opportunities of learning and growth” on faculty retention in private higher education institutions of Pakistan. The study is quantitative in nature. Primary data was collected through field survey method from 200 fulltime faculty members. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were employed to examine the hypotheses of the study. Findings suggested that both of the independent variables have a significant impact on retention of faculty members whereas in higher education institutions ‘opportunities of learning and growth have a higher impact as compared to pay satisfaction on faculty retention. Study proposed that both retention factors are indispensable and can play a vital role in retaining the faculty members.
References
Abbasi, S. M., & Hollman, K. W. (2000). Turnover: The real bottom line. Public Personnel Management, 29(3), 333–343.
Ambrose, S., Huston, T., & Norman, M. (2005). A qualitative method for assess-ing faculty satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 46(7), 803–830.
Barnes, L. L. B., Agago, M. O., & Coombs, W. T. (1998). Effects of job-related stress on faculty intention to leave academia. Research in Higher Education, 39(4), 457–469.
Blackburn, R. T., & Havighurst, R. J. (1979). Career patterns of U.S. male aca-demic social scientists. Higher Education, 8, 553–572.
Christopher J.C., & Kevin D. C. (2003). Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. The Acad-emy of Management Journal, 46(6), 740-751.
Coff, R.W. (1996). Human assets and management dilemmas: Coping with hazards on the road to resource-based theory. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 374-402.
Corsini, R. (1987). Concisse encyclopedia of psychology. New York: Wiley.
Cotton, J. L., & Tuttle, J. M. (1986). Employee turnover: A meta-analysis and re-view with implications for research. Academy of Management Review, 55(1), 55–70.
Day, D.V. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. Leadership Quar-terly, 11(4), 581-613.
Dockel, A., Basson, J.S. & Coetzee, M. (2006). The effect of retention factors on organizational commitment: An investigation of high technology employees. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 20-28.
Echevarria, D. G. (2009). The contribution of higher education to economic development in a globalized environment. Florida International University.
Ehrenberg, R., Kasper, H., & Rees, D. (1990). Faculty turnover at American col-leges and universities: Analyses of AAUP data. Economics of Education Review, 10(2), 99–110.
Farris, G. F. (2000). Rewards and retention of technical staff. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, 617–619.
Foley, T. (1996). Decentralization of faculty ownership: Keys to a successful as-sessment strategy. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the North Cen-tral Association, Chicago, IL.
Garvin, D. A., Edmondson, A. C., & Gino, F. (2008). Is yours a learning organiza-tion? Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 109-116.
Hagedorn, L. S. (1996). Wage equity and female faculty job satisfaction: The role of wage differentials in a job satisfaction causal model. Research in Higher Educa-tion, 37(5), 569 – 598.
Hedberg, B. (1981). How organizations learn and unlearn. In P. Nystrom and W. Starbuck (Eds.), Handbook of organizational design (pp. 3-27). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heneman, H. G. III, & Schwab, D. P. (1985). Pay satisfaction: Its multidimen-sional nature and measurement. International Journal of Psychology, 20, 129-142.
Higginbotham, J. S. (1997). The satisfaction equation. Research and Development, 39 (10), 1-9.
Hussain, I. (2005). Education, Employment and Economic Development in Paki-stan. In R. Hathaway (Ed.), Education Reform in Pakistan (pp. 33-46). Washing-ton: Woodrow Wilson Centre.
Hyder A. & Reilly, B. (2005). The Public and Private Sector Pay Gap in Pakistan: A Quantile Regression Analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 44(3), 271-306.
Johnsrud, L. K., & Heck, R. H. (1994). A university’s faculty: Identifying who will leave and who will stay. Journal for Higher Education Management, 10(1), 71–84.
Khan, N. R. (2011, April 11). HRM Significance and SME Sector. Business Recorder. Retrieved from http://www.brecorder.com
March, J., L. Sproull, & M. Tamuz. (1991). Learning from samples of one or fewer. Organization science, 2(1), 1-13.
Matier, M. W. (1990). Retaining faculty: A tale of two campuses. Research in Higher Education, 31, 39–61.
McCloskey, Joanne & Bruce McCain. (1987). Satisfaction, Commitment and Pro-fessionalism of Newly Employed Nurses. Image, 19, 20-24.
McGee, G. W., & Ford, R. C. (1987). Faculty research productivity and intention to change positions. The Review of Higher Education, 11(1), 1–16.
Milne, P. (2007). Motivation, incentives and organizational culture. Journal of Knowl-edge Management, 11 (6), 28-38.
Mobley, W. H. (1982). Employee turnover: Causes, consequences, and control Reading. MA: Adisson-Wesley.
Mody, A. (1990). Learning through alliances. Washington: The World Bank.
Moorhead, G., & Griffin, W. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Managing people and Or-ganizations. Boston: Haughton Mifflin Company.
Morrow P., & McElroy, J. (2007). Efficiency as a mediator in turnover—organizational performance relations. Human Relations, 60(6), 827-849.
Nugroho, M. A. (2012). Correlations of Attitude to Avoid Sharing Risk and Trust with Informal Knowledge Sharing. International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies, 1(3), 86-95.
Ongori, H. (2007). A review of the literature on employee turnover. African Journal of Business Management, 1(3), 049-054.
Pfeffer, J. (1998). The human equation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Pfeffer, J., & Lawler, J. (1980). Effects of job alternative, extrinsic rewards, and behavioral commitment on attitude toward the organization: A field test of the insufficient justification paradigm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 38–56.
Rosser, V. J. (2004). Faculty members’ intentions to leave: A national study on their worklife and satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 45(3), 285–309.
Sanchez, F. (2003). Skills for a Knowledge-Based Economy. Leadership, 33(2), 30-33.
Sekaran, U. (2006). Research method for business: A skill building approach (4th Edition). USA: Wiley.
Shoeby, S. M. A., Saleem, F., Razzaq, A., & Khan, N. R. (2012). Link of Satisfac-tion Commitment and Performance on Faculty Members’ Performance at Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan, Management & Marketing, 10(2).
Siddiqui, Shahid. (2010, August 1). Retaining Faculty. Dawn. Retrieved from http://www.dawn.com
Simon, H. (1991). The role of strategy in the development of a general theory of organizations. In R. Lamb (Ed.). Advances in strategic management (pp. 237-259). New York: JAI Press.
Smart, J. C. (1990). A causal model of faculty turnover intentions. Research in Higher Education, 31(5), 405–424.
Smith, C. B. (1979). Influence of internal opportunity structure and sex of worker on turnover patterns. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(3), 362–381.
Soebyakto, B. B., Ming, C. W. (2012). An Empirical Testing of Intelligence, Emo-tional and Spiritual Quotients Quality of Managers using Structural Equation Modeling. International Journal of Independent Research and Studies, 1(1), 1-12.
Steers, R. M., & Mowday, R. T. (1981). Employee turnover and post-decision ac-commodation processes. In L. L. Cummings, & B. M. Staw (Eds.). Research in organizational behavior (pp. 237–249). Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press.
Steers, R., & Porter, L. (1983). Motivation and Work Behavior (Third ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Storey, J. (1992). Developments in the Management of Human Resources. Oxford: Black-well.
Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1997). Dimensions of the learning organization. War-wick, RI: Partners for the Learning Organization.
WeiBo, Z., Kaur, S., & Zhi, T. (2010). A critical review of employee turnover model (1938-2009) and development in perspective of performance, African Journal of Business Management, 4(19), 4146-4158.
Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., & McWilliams, A. (1994). Human resources and sustained competitive advantage: a resource-based perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 11-13.
Youn, Y. I. K. (1992). Studies of academic markets and careers: An historical re-view. In D. W. Breneman, and T. I. K. Youn (Eds.), Academic Labor Markets and Careers. New York: Falmer Press.
Zhou, Y., & Volkwein, J. F. (2004). Examining the influences on faculty departure intentions: A comparison of tenured versus non-tenured faculty at research universities using NSOPF-99. Research in Higher Education, 45(2), 139–176.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Rana Zeeshan Mubarak, Zaira Wahab, Naveed R Khan
Copyrights and publishing rights of all the texts on this journal belong to the respective authors without restrictions.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (full legal code).
See also our Open Access Policy.